Credits
Producer/ Director
Lorraine Norrgard
Associate Producer
James M. Fortier, Métis-Ojibway
Writer
James M. Fortier, Métis-Ojibway
Assistant Script
Lorraine Norrgard
Narrator
Winona LaDuke, White Earth Ojibwe
Assistant Producers
Anne Dugan
Amy Clay
Directors of Photography
Chris Bacigalupo
James M. Fortier
Dan Elsenrath
Music
Composed by Peter Buffet for Indie Film Composers
Additional Music by Ken Melville
Ojibwe Musicians
Peter Gahbow, Mille Lacs Ojibwe
Lisa Jackson, Mille Lacs Ojibwe
Tom Benjamin, Mille Lacs Ojibwe
Frank Anakwad Montano, Red Cliff Ojibwe
Mark Woerpel, Keewanaw Bay Ojibwe
Keith Secola, Fond du Lac Ojibwe
Lyz Jaakola, Fond du Lac Ojibwe
Fond du Lac Ojibwe School Drum:
Danny Barney; Gene Boshey; John Henry McMillan; John McMillan, Jr.; Tyrone St.Germaine-Jourdain
Little Otter Drum:
Peter Gahbow; Leslie J. Gahbow; William Gahbow; Emery Jay Pewaush; Tony Pewaush; Sheldon Schwensen; "Amik" Larry Smallwood
Nayahshing School Singers: Edward Minnima
Additional Musicians:
Melvin Geyshick; Junie Kay Randall; Terri Webster
Audio Postproduction Services provided by
Visual Music and Sound, Minneapolis, MN
Aaron Stokes
Sound Supervisor/Re-recording Mixer:
Darin Heinis
Sound Designer:
Tom Lindquist
Sound Editors:
Ben O'Brien
Chris Loomis
Additional Videography
Josh Carlon
Billy Scott
Tom Selinski
David Baraga
Robert Rozoff
Ben Baker
Carrie Kohlmeier
Joshua Grenier
Steve Ash
Judy Hadel
John Hartman
Ted Pellman
Post Production Editing Facilities
T. Selinski Productions: Tom Selinski
Motion Picture Makers: Thompson Clay
Series Supervising Editor
Tom Selinski
Program Editors
Joshua Carlon-Leadership, Health, Education, Language Programs
Tom Selinski- Education, Economic Survival Programs
Michael Deering, Motion Picture Makers-Environment Program
Kathleen Laughlin- Economic Survival Program
Chris Bacigalupo-Economic Survival Program
Ojibwe Translators
Dan Jones
Dennis Jones
Dr. Anton Treuer
Keller Paap
Margaret Big George
Wilf Cyr
Elise Rosen
Irene Danz
Lisa Jackson
Paul Ojanen
Research
Head Researcher: Lyz Jaakola, Fond du Lac Ojibwe
Amy Clay
Anne Dugan
Peter Prohaska
Graphic Design
Josh Carlon
Chris Bacigalupo
Ross Odegaard
Gary Terry
Artwork
Carl Gawboy
Joe Geshick
Donald Kakageesick
Roy Kakegamick
Bill Guiboche
Steve Premo
Seth Eastman- Afton Historical Society Press
Eastman Johnson, St. Louis County Historical Society
Voice-Overs
Maria Danz
Nick Hockings
Thunderhawk Warrior
Peter Prohaska
Wilf Cyr
Dan Jones
Eric Ringham
John Hartman
Margaret Big George
James Neumann
Andrew Green
Audio Recording
AJ Fossen, KAWE , Bemidji, MN
Ed Minnema, Nayahshing School, Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe
Ken Melville, Indie Film Composers
Vernon Norrwood, KTCA
Still Photography
Marlene Wisuri
James M. Fortier
Cynthia Lapp
Consider Vosu
Billy Scott
Lorraine Norrgard
Production Assistants
Lynda Ferguson
Charlotte Klesman
Elizabeth Day
Robin Decaire
Cynthia Lapp
Peter Prohaska
Consider Vosu
Billy Scott
James Kwan
Debra Smith
Interns
Andrea Darrington
Michelle Defoe
Sarah Eaton
Dennis Hink
Jason Huntzinger
Seth Matthews
Adam Smith
Promotion
Beth Lyden
Jodi Hagen
Teaching Guides
Daniel Corbett
Interviews
Fred Ackley, Mole Lake Ojibwe
Gordon Adams, Bois Forte Ojibwe
Larry Aitken, Leech Lake Ojibwe
Amik (Larry Smallwood), Mille Lacs Ojibwe
Dave Anderson, Lac Courte Oreilles Ojibwe
Marge Anderson, Mille Lacs Ojibwe
Dr. Kathy Annette, White Earth Ojibwe
Delores Bainbridge, Bad River Ojibwe
Bruce Baird, Leech Lake Ojibwe
Dennis Banks, Leech Lake Ojibwe
Ed Barber, Lac Courte Oreilles Ojibwe
Dr. David Beaulieu, White Earth Ojibwe
Dr. Mark Becker, Cass Lake Hospital
Jim Bedeau, Leech Lake Ojibwe
Vera Belt, Bois Forte Ojibwe
Millie Benjamin, Mille Lacs Ojibwe
Oliver Benjamin, Mille Lacs Ojibwe
Eddie Benton-Benai, Lac Courte Oreilles Ojibwe
Margaret Big George, Big Island Ojibwe
Mary Bigboy, Bad River Ojibwe
Robert "Grandpa Bear" Biron, Sault Sainte Marie Ojibwe
David Scott Bisonette, Lac Courte Oreilles Ojibwe
Phyllis Boshey, Bois Forte Ojibwe
Bernard Bouschor, Sault Sainte Marie Ojibwe
Brenda Boyd, Mille Lacs Ojibwe
Raining Boyd, Mille LacsOjibwe
Walter Bresette, Red Cliff Ojibwe
Lester Jack Briggs, Fond du Lac Ojibwe
Luella Brown, Leech Lake Ojibwe
Henry Buffalo, Red Cliff Ojibwe
W. Roger Buffalohead, Ponca, (Academic Vice-President) Native American Educational
Services College
Robin Carufel, Lac du Flambeau Ojibwe
Joe Chosa, Lac du Flambeau Ojibwe
Rosemary Christensen, Mole Lake Ojibwe
Albert Churchill, Mille Lacs Ojibwe
Bernida Churchill, Mille Lacs Ojibwe
Justin Churchill, Mille Lacs Ojibwe
Jim Clark, Mille Lacs Ojibwe
Jeanne Cloud, Bad River Ojibwe
Albert Cobe, Lac du Flambeau Ojibwe
Steve Cotherman, Director, Madeline Island Historical Museum
Jody Allen Crowe, Mille Lacs Ojibwe
Wilf Cyr, Northwest Bay Ojibwe
Billie Deegan, Bois Forte Ojibwe
Diane DeFoe, Red Cliff Ojbiwe
Marvin DeFoe, Red Cliff Ojibwe
Paul DeMain, Lac Courte Oreilles Ojibwe
George Dick, Red Lake Ojibwe
Melvin Eagle, Mille Lacs Ojibwe
Bonnie Ekdahl, Saginaw Ojibwe
Greg Fischer, Red Cliff Fish Hatchery
Agnes Fleming, Lac Courte Oreilles Ojibwe
Adam Fortunate Eagle, Red Lake Ojibwe
Monte Fronk, Mille Lacs Ojibwe
Curtis Gagne, Grand Portage Ojibwe
gaiashkibos, Lac Courte Oreilles Ojibwe
Carl Gawboy, Bois Forte Ojibwe
Dorothy Glendey, Bois Forte Ojibwe
Gene Goodsky, Bois Forte Ojbiwe
Brian Goodwin, White Earth Ojibwe
Tom Gorenflo, COTFMA, Sault Ste. Marie
Rob Goslin, Red Cliff Ojibwe
Linda Grover, Bois Forte Ojbiwe
Andrew Helmich, Historic Fort Snelling- Apothecary
Nick Hockings, Lac du Flambeau Ojibwe
Betty Chosa Jack, Lac du Flambeau Ojibwe
Dana Jackson, Bad River Ojibwe
Tadd Johnson, Bois Forte Ojibwe
Basil Johnston, Parry Island Ojibwe
Dan Jones, Rainy River Ojibwe
Dennis Jones, Rainy River Ojibwe
Roger Jourdain, Red Lake Ojibwe
Betty Kegg, Mille Lacs Ojibwe
Tom Kequom, Saginaw Ojibwe
Winona LaDuke, White Earth Ojibwe
Kevin Lane, White Earth Ojibwe
Kevin Leecy, Bois Forte Ojibwe
Leo LaFernier, Red Cliff Ojibwe
A. Larry Luukkonen
Tom Maulson, Lac du Flambeau Ojibwe
Bill Mattes, Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Biologist
James McClurken, Historian
Isaac McKechnie, Sault Sainte Marie Ojibwe
Dr. Martha McLeod, Director, Bay Mills Community College
Ed Minnema, Music Director, Nayahshing School
Mary Moldenhauer, Lac Courte Oreilles Ojibwe
Frank Montano, Red Cliff Ojibwe
Dan Morrison, Bois Forte Ojibwe
Steve Morris, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources
Sonny Myers, 1854 Treaty Authority, Grand Portage Ojibwe
Phil Norrgard, Human Services Director, Fond du Lac Reservatuib
Yvonne Novack White Earth Ojibwe
Keller Paap, Red Cliff Ojibwe
Ron Parisienne, Bad River Ojibwe
Dr. Tom Peacock, Fond du Lac Ojibwe
Patty Petite, Fond du Lac Ojibwe
Mike Plucinksi, Bad River Ojibwe
Steve Premo, Mille Lacs Ojibwe
Elise Rieschl, Fond du Lac Tribal and Community College
Gregory "Moon" Roberts, White Earth Ojibwe
Joe Rose, Bad River Ojibwe
Josie Ryan, Leech Lake Ojibwe
Jim St. Arnold, Keewanaw Bay Ojibwe
Ernie St. Germaine, Lac du Flambeau Ojibwe
Dr. Rick St. Germaine, Lac Courte Oreilles Ojibwe
Connie Saaristo, Mille Lacs Ojibwe
Dorothy Sam, Mille Lacs Ojibwe
Doug Sam, Mille Lacs Ojibwe
Leonard Sam, Mille Lacs Ojibwe
Dr. Ronald Satz, Provost and Vice Chancellor, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire
Ethel Sault, Grand Portage Ojibwe
Jim Schlender, Lac Courte Oreilles Ojibwe
Marco Shabaish, Mille Lacs Ojibwe
Julie Shingobe, Mille Lacs Ojibwe
Sonny Smart, Bad River Ojibwe
Noreen Smith, Red Lake Ojibwe
Marlene Stately, Leech Lake Ojibwe
Tom Stillday, Red Lake Ojibwe
Robert Strong, Bois Forte Ojibwe
Dwight "Bucko" Teeple, Bay Mills Ojibwe
Mildred Tinker Schuman, Lac du Flambeau Ojibwe
Chally Topping, Red Cliff Ojibwe
Dr. Anton Treuer, Leech Lake Ojibwe
Dr. Arne Vainio, Mille Lacs Ojibwe
Robert Van Alstine, Sault Sainte Marie Ojibwe
Robert Van Zile, Mole Lake Ojibwe
Viola Villebrun, Bois Forte Ojibwe
Chuck Walt, Fond du Lac Ojibwe
Ted Wetherbee, Fond du Lac Tribal and Community College
Don Wedll, Commissioner of Natural Resources, Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe
Floyd Westerman, Lakota
Jenny Weyaus, Mille Lacs Ojibwe
Kenny Weyaus, Mille Lacs Ojibwe
Leona White Hat, Lakota
Gerald Neezhogahbow White, Leech Lake Ojibwe
Dr. David Wilkins, Lumbee, University of Minnesota
Travis Zimmerman, Mille Lacs Ojibwe
Dramatic Scenes-
Sites
Minnesota Historical Society- North West Company Fur Post, Pine City, MN:
Site Manager- Patrick Schifferdecker
Site Technician- Mary Vanderpoel
Carlton County Fairgrounds, Barnum, MN
Washington Community Center, Thompson, MN
George Brown Jr. Museum and Cultural Center, Lac du Flambeau, WI:
Greg Guthrie
Peggy Grinvalski
Marcus Guthrie
Minnesota Historical Society-Mille Lacs Indian Museum, Onamia, MN
Site Manager- Joyce Wedll
Site Manager- Sandy Blake
Grand Portage National Monument, National Park Service-
Superintendent- Tim Cochrane
Park Ranger- Jon Sage
Historic Old Fort William, Thunder Bay, Ontario
Marty Mascarin
Waswagoning Traditional Village, Lac du Flambeau, WI
Nick and Charlotte Hockings
Bob Hudak
Props, Costumes, etc.
Mary Vanderpoel
Nick and Charlotte Hockings
Lorraine Norrgard
Special Assistance
Patrick Schifferdecker, Site Manager, North West Company Fur Post, Minnesota Historical Society, Mary Vanderpoel, Site Technician
Little Blackbear Elementary School-Laurel Sanders
University of Minnesota, Duluth Costume Department
Goode Gallery, Ferdy Good and Jan Dachrow
Lee Scrivner
Actors
Remy Hain
Shawna DeFoe
Anne Dugan
Kris Stiffam
Cotee Hoffman
Brian Beaulieu
Sharla Bender
Ramon Benton-Benai
Wendell St.Germaine
Steve Beson
Vita Beson
Santana Chapman
Dustin Goslin
Ted Jurek
Mike Jurek
Greg Johnson
Adrian King
Richard Loucks Darren Moose
Sharla Bender
Crystal King
Celeste Hockings
Nick Hockings
Ernest Hockings
Melissa Beson
Cheryl St.Germaine
Cedar Savage
Sage Savage
Takoah Smith Savage
Russell Bleau
Karen Savage-Bleau
Tim Bleau
Sandi Savage
Father Thomas
Kyle Cruit
Thomas B
John Lofdahl
Justin Armstrong
Leo Lisovskis
Tom DeProphite
Nathaniel Moses
Dan Hanson
Jason Boast
Sarah W.
Lindsay Woods
Diane DeFoe
Dustin ___________
Consulting Scholars
Dr. David Wrone, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
Dr. Ronald Satz, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire
Dr. Richard St. Germaine, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire
Dr. Thomas Peacock, University of Minnesota-Duluth
Dr. Thomas Vennum, Jr., Smithsonian Institution
James McClurken, Michigan State University Museum
Dr. Gail Valiskakis, Concordia University, Montreal
Dr. David Beaulieau, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
Archival Visuals
Jerry Aronson, The Divided Trail
David Baraga, Baraga Vision
Bay Mills Indian Community
Carol Burns, As Long as the River Runs
Robert Byrd, Questions of Racism, KTCA-TV
CNN
Crews Control
C-SPAN
Jim Fortier, Alcatraz is not an Island
Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission, Sue Erickson, Charlie Rasmussen, Jim Zorn, Jim Schlender
Al Geddicks-____________
William Jamerson, Forgotten Films
Monroe Killy, Chippewa Handicraft
NASA
Lorraine Norrgard, A Gift to One, A Gift to Many: James Jackson, Sr., Medicine Man
Lorraine Norrgard, Looks into the Night
Mille Lacs Band
Minnesota Tourism
News Night Minnesota, KTCA-TV, Twin Cities Public Television
Robert Ritzenthaler
Robert Rozoff, Discover Wisconsin
Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians, Video Production Department, Ben Baker
Jeremy Torrie, ICE Productions
WEAU-TV, Eau Claire, Wisconsin
WHA-TV, Madison, Wisconsin Enduring Ways of the Lac du Flambeau People Wisconsin Conservation Wardens Museum, Protectors of the Wilderness, Robert Ritzenthaler, Huron Smith, Samuel Barrett
Wisconsin Tourism
WJFO-TV, Rhinelander, Wisconsin
Archival Photographs, Images and other Materials Provided by
Absolutely Archives
American Museum of National History
Dave Anderson
Jerry Aronson
Dick Bancroft
David Baraga, Baraga Vision
Bayliss Public Library, Sault Ste.Marie, MI, Janus Storey
Bay Mills History Department
Bois Forte Band of Ojibwe
Al Bonanno
Brenda Boyd
Charles Brill, Red Lake Nation
Carlton County Historical Society, Marlene Wisuri
Chippewa Ottawa Treaty Fishery Management Authority
Chippewa Valley Museum, Eldbjorg Tobin
Clarke Historical Library
Jeanne Cloud
Betty Jack
Al Cobe
Paul DeMain, News from Indian Country
Mary Duffina
Duluth News-Tribune
Seth Eastman
Bonnie Ekdahl, Ziibiwing Cultural Center
Joe Geshick
Goff & Howard, Jodi Wallace
Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians, Ken Pheasant
Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission, Sue Erikson and Jim Zorn, Charlie Rasmussen, Jim Schlender
Hudson Bay Archives
Linda Grover
John Carter Brown Library
Lac du Flambeau Museum, Marcus Guthrie, Greg Guthrie
Lac du Flambeau Band, Tom Maulson, Ernie St.Germaine, Gail Valiskakis
Library of Congress
Marquette Historical Society, Frances Porter?
Michigan State Historical Society
Michigan Tourism Board
Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
Milwaukee Public Museum, Robert Ritzenthaler
Minneapolis Star Tribune
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources
Minnesota Department of Tourism
Minnesota Historical Society, Bonnie Wilson, Monroe Killy; Mille Lacs Indian Museum
Mary Moldenhauer, Greystar Electric
Museum of Ojibwa Culture, St. Ignace, Michigan
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Tina Greer
National Archives, Kansas Branch
National Archives, Washington, D.C. Branch
National Museum of American History
National Resources Board
News From Indian Country
News 9 and 10, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan
Northeast Minnesota Historical Center, Pat Maus
Ohio Historical Society
Rick St.Germaine, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire
Saginaw Band of Chippewa Indians
Dr.Ron Satz, Vice-Chancellor, UW-Eau Claire
Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa, Sherri Lucas
State Historical Society of Wisconsin
WHA-TV, Wisconsin Public Television
Smithsonian Institution
St.Paul Pioneer Press
University of Minnesota-Duluth Native American Resource Center, Rick Smith
WEAU TV Eau Claire, Wisconsin
Wisconsin State Journal
Wisconsin State Historical Society
Dan Anderson
Beadwork Courtesy of
Pat Cobb
Ellen Olson
Josephine Doud
Marcie McIntire
Chantal Norrgard
Lorraine Norrgard
Richard Nelson Collection and the Tweed Museum of Art, University of Minnesota, Duluth
Mino aya win Human Services Collection, Fond du Lac Band of Ojibwe
Program Consultants
Dr. Thomas Peacock
Dr. David Wrone
Dr. Rick St. Germaine
Dr. Ronald Satz
Winona La Duke
James Schlender
Others....
Web Site Designers
James M. Fortier, Turtle Island Productions (Producer)
Ellen Fortier (Designer)
Chuck Fox, Think Vision (Developer and Web Master)
Hugh Chapman (Flash Animation)
Original Artwork Courtesy of Joe Geshick
Special Thanks
Phil Norrgard
David Matrious
Tom Selinski
Anne Dugan
Joshua Carlon
Jim Fortier
Amy Clay
Linda Peterson
Tobasonakwat Kinew
Ben Chosa
Rick Smith
Charlin Diver
Gene Goodsky
Dave Danz
Lyz Jaakola
Terry Gilbertson
Mary Vanderpoel
Nick and Charlotte Hockings, Waswagoning Traditional Village
Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission
Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe:
Melanie Benjamin, Chairman
Marge Anderson, Former Chairman
David Matrious, Former Secretary-Treasurer
Dist. 1 Rep. Myron Garbow
Dist. 2 Rep. Marvin Bruneau
Dist. 3 Rep. Bernida Churchill
Mille Lacs Indian Museum, Minnesota Historical Society, Joyce Wedll
Motion Picture Makers, Thompson Clay, Amy Clay
Patrick Schifferdecker North West Company Fur Post
Woodland Indian Tribal College Consortium
Native American Resource Center, University of Minnesota- Duluth, Rick Smith
Women's Open Circle and Council of Grandmothers
Funding and Donated Support
Produced in association with the Aboriginal People's Television Network, Canada
Otto Bremer Foundation
Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe-
Grotto Foundation
Biem Foundation
Wisconsin Humanities Council/Douglas County Historical Society
Visual Music and Sound
Mino-Giizhig Fund/Famous Dave's of America
University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire
Bois Forte Band of Ojibwe
Minnesota Historical Society
Waswagoning Traditional Village
Milwaukee Public Museum
Wisconsin State Historical Society
Minnesota Department of Tourism
Beck Foundation
Companion Book, Waasa Inaabidaa - We Look In All Directions, available from
Afton Historical Society Press, Afton, Minnesota
Author: Dr. Thomas Peacock and Marlene Wisuri
A Production of PBS Eight, WDSE-TV, Duluth, MN copyright 2002
For additional information and copies of the programs in this series, please visit our web site: www.ojibwe.org
JOE GESHICK Bio
Mishakeebaneesh
The Cover Art for the Waasa Inaabidaa companion book, CD soundtrack, VHS tapes, as well as the artwork used to design this website was provided by Ojibwe artist Joe Geshick whom we owe a huge debt of gratitude. Miigwetch Joe! Joe's paintings of traditional Indian ceremonies represent a kind of personal thanksgiving. Their clear, integral designs and richly textured layers of vibrant earth tones express a sense of calmness and simplicity, hidden strength and deep spiritual connection with the natural world. Joe's artwork reflects the healing power of these ceremonies and extend his gratitude for their impact on his life.
Born on June 21, 1943 near Faribault, Minnesota, Joe began painting at age 19. In the late 70's, he studied at the Art Students League in New York. While attending school, he worked at the Museum of the American Indian, where he made pen and ink drawings of the museum artifacts. After completing his studies in New York, Joe moved to the Lac La Croix reserve in Ontario, Canada, where he taught art in an elementary school. From Canada, Joe moved to Reno, Nevada, where he taught art and eventually established his own art studio.
During his stay at Lac La Croix, Joe learned the history of his clan, discovered his Ojibway name, Mishakeebaneesh, and was introduced to traditional ceremonies. In 1977, for the first time, Joe participated in the annual Sundance Ceremony at Greengrass, South Dakota. Through five years of sundancing, Joe's spiritual development became firmly rooted in the traditional ceremonies, bringing a new understanding into his life.
The deepening influence of this involvement in traditional ceremonies also brought about a change in his work as an artist. Shifting away from his prior concentration on landscapes, still lifes, portraits, and seascapes, Joe began experimenting with the palette knife to paint traditional images drawn from his experiences with the ceremonies, using the six sacred colors--red, yellow, black, white, green and blue. Out of respect to the sacred nature of ceremonial objects such as pipes and medicine bundles, Joe chooses not to use such images in his work.
Today, Joe's work is sold throughout the United States and Canada. He also does work on commission.
For further information contact:
Joe Geshick
69 W. Chandler St.
Ely, MN 55731
Phone (218) 365-3820
E-mail Joe at Joe@sundancefinearts.com
